1) Breakthroughs in New Technology/Equipment
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-as per normal chromatography, is used to separate and identify components that are present in a mixture. It is used a lot in forensic chemistry to analyse drugs and poisons that are found in environmental and biological samples. The new, more sensitive and selective technology, UHPLC (Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography) is a separation technology that increases chromatographic speed, sensitivity and resolution, over traditional HPLC separations by providing higher chromatographic efficiency per unit of time.
2) Breakthroughs in the Analysis of Biological samples
DNA sequencing is a method used to identify and analyse DNA samples, recent advances have liked to the development of high throughput sequencing instruments such as NGS platforms which can as a result sequence DNA samples faster and with greater accuracy which could be used to compare DNAs of one and more people.
3) Breakthroughs in the analysis of Non-Biological Samples
Elemental Analysis- Study of the chemical composition of materials and compounds. Recent advances in this elemental analysis technology led to the development of more sensitive instruments and tools, including LIBS (laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy) and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF). Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a type of atomic emission spectroscopy which uses a highly energetic laser pulse as the excitation source. The laser is focused to form a plasma, which atomizes and excites samples, pinpointing it to the exact elements. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is a technique that reveals the chemical elements in a sample by bombarding it with X-rays or gamma rays.
-Ishaan
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